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Easy Essay Topics For Middle School
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Portrait of Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci Essay Example For Students
Representation of Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci Essay The coherent Standard of Art Measurement for a definite assessment of centerpieces is based: on uncommon instances of the most elevated appearances of the Six Elements of Art Power. In other words: The best masterpiece on the planet is that one where we see showed: Initial: A Subject which is Socially the most valuable, important to the best number of individuals, and the noblest in Conception. Second: In which the Expression: on the essences of tlhe figures, in the subtleties, and in the work in general communicates significantly that which the work should communicate. Third: In which the Composition is the most radiant. Fourth: In which the Drawing of all structures is the most evident and compelling in rendering Life, most importantly Ideal Life. Fifth: In which the Color is the most differed and rich. 6th: In which the surface Technique is the most life ous, fitting, and acceptably individual; the entire work of such a Quality, thus organized, as to protect an outcome, where a Subject is communicated with the best Completeness and Harmony: in order to mix the most noteworthy feelings of the biggest number of refined individuals for the longest timeframe. We consider a wvork of craftsmanship extraordinary or insignificant in proportion of the clegree to which it matches this norm. Representation MAKING whether in paint or marble is a workmanship without anyone else, most importantly as rehearsed by far most of those specialists of to-day to whom it is only an open expressway in which to march stunts of brush-work in paint or etch checks in marble. Contrasted and perfect figure painting and model it is and will consistently stay a below average workmanship. This is on the grounds that it requires less development, less creative mind, less verse to make a top notch por attribute than it does to make a top of the line sensational work, for example, are the incredible works which fill in as achievements along the chronicled way of workmanship advancement. Obviously, numerous craftsmen who have made representation making the primary quest for their lives and have an expanded thought of its significance will deny this. This is on the grounds that not many of them can disengage them selves from their extraordinary interests and in light of the fact that the majority of them talk about their craft when they truly mean their creativity their strategy and brush-work - thus can't see that Rembrandtfs aestheticness isn't craftsmanship an everything except negligible aptitude and that what makes a portion of his representations so exceptionally fine isn't just his painting expertise however his astounding capacity to contribute his works with magni ficence of configuration structure of line and structure of shading plan which lift them out of the class of minor representations and put them into the class of innovative pictures; a couple of them are, furthermore, so searchingly interpreta tive as to raise them to the plane of expressive workmanship. Obviously, such representation bunches as Velasquezs Surrender of Breda and Rembrandts Syndics of the Drapers and Halss Banquet Portraits are greatly expressive manifestations which order our most elevated esteem. Representation of Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci Be that as it may, while they do awaken the reverence of our keenness, they never order the praise of our spirit which is a higher encounter than simple admi proportion of the psyche. It is this which such huge numbers of our craftsmen never learn until it is past the point of no return. They envision that when they have amazed or astounded us by their ability or even make a beautifully enchanting sythesis, they have won an incredible triumph, when in truth they have not reached even the edges of the internal sanctum where sits enthroned our self image ever on the caution and on edge for the appearance of lifting and stunning feelings, for example, make life for a man of fine culture extremely worth while. This is to a great extent due additionally to the way that huge numbers of our craftsmen are minor dilettanti who have embraced to their bosoms the infantile and parasitical idea that a craftsman ought to never consider making any kind of allure to the open which is just another name for the all inclusive awareness; that he should consider just communicating in his own particular manner; to paint, cut and compose when he needs, what he needs and how he needs, an d if people in general doesn't care for his work it can cruise it by, disregarding the way that a really incredible craftsman will never be substance to just divert himself with only communicating his own impulsive feelings like a Hottentot playing on a sand heap in the African wilderness, yet who will ever have before him the social soul with a regularly deep yearning to mix the feelings of humanity, to charm it by creating works which as Taine genuinely said will commandingly advance both to the unassuming and extraordinary. Certain it is that it is difficult to call any representation picture a great creation, except if we with the exception of Leonardos Last Supper as an assortment of representations of Christ and his messengers. Significance of Arts Education Essay ThesisFifth, as to shading: there stays little to be said since it has sombered to some degree with age. Be that as it may, we can say that the picked shading plan, a warm dark plan fit, as it should, with the individual and the psychological state Leonardo meant to depict. 6th and last: the strategy or painting is of that generic kind which causes it to appear as though any quintessential craftsman may have painted it; but it is close to sufficiently home to drive us to feel that no other craftsman painted in simply that way. In this manner Leonardo here in this representation wins out in each component of workmanship force and separations almost the entirety of his rivals throughout the entire existence of the specialty of picture. Not exclusively does the Mona Lisa recommend Mona Lisa looking through the spirit of the incomparable Leonardo while he painted her, and with whom she was, in all likelihood, additionally watchfully infatuated, yet she embodies the interminable female, ever compassionate, in any event, when most pes simistic, everlastingly curious in any event, when most cer tain, and ever distrustful in any event, when generally idealistic. Along these lines she is without a moment's delay a kind of a specific transient lady and an image of the everlasting female. Consequently she without a moment's delay makes an individual and all inclusive intrigue. Consequently for this situation Leonardo lifted picture making out of the class of only agent workmanship, past which barely any representations ever go and puts it in the most elevated classification, that of expressive craftsmanship; and he did his to a great extent by scorning every silly trick in aestheticness and those pitiably trivial and sensitive and individual stunts of an egotis spasm and strutting mannerismn so dear to the vaude ville skilled worker. Furthermore, he did it at last with such uncommon and inconspicuous force that the Mona Lisa will ever appear to be puzzling to the individuals who can't enter past the outside of things, however for the individuals who see profoundly he made of it not just a unimportant enhancing record of an individual, yet a lovely wonderful creation which over the hundreds of years has awakened the feelings of sovereign, minister and laborer. That is the reason it is incredible and why it will consistently stay as a model for each picture craftsman who wishes to accomplish a spot in the expressions of love of individuals to whom beautiful and otherworldly workmanship makes an incomparable intrigue.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Elasticity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Versatility - Essay Example Given an expanding cost for corn, ranchers will move to creating corn as opposed to corn substitutes like soybeans. In tending to the effect of an expansion in the interest for corn coming about because of utilizing corn as an elective vitality source, it is valuable to comprehend the determinants of interest. As per Mankiw (2007), the determinants of interest or the factors influencing the amount of the great requested are value, salary, costs of related products, tastes, desires, and number of purchasers. While development in costs speaks to a development along the interest bend, the interest bend shifts leftward or rightward dependent on changes in salary, costs of related merchandise, tastes, desires, and number of purchasers. The determinants of interest or the factors influencing the amount requested of a decent are distinguished in Table 1. Table 1. Determinants of Demand Source: Mankiw, 2007, p. 69 When the interest for corn increments when corn is used as an elective vitalit y source, we can speak to the circumstance as a rightward move in the interest bend. This is appeared in Figure 2 where the correct ward move popular is spoken to in the development from D2 to D3. Figure 2. Moves in Demand Curve Price of Corn Quantity of Corn Source: Mankiw, 2007, p.
Wednesday, May 27, 2020
US News National Universities Rankings
US News National Universities Rankings September 12, 2012 The 2012 US News World Report rankings of national universities is out. So which university or, rather, universities top the list? That answer would beHarvard University in a tie with Princeton University. Placing in third is Yale University followed in fourth place by Columbia University and the University of Chicago. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology placed sixth in a tie with Stanford University and Duke University and the University of Pennsylvania followed behind in a tie for eighth. Placing tenth is the California Institute of Technology in a tie with Dartmouth College. The 2012 US News World Report ranking of national universities is out. Harvard and Princeton claimed the top spot. After Dartmouth and Caltech comes Northwestern University in the twelve spot, Johns Hopkins University in the thirteen spot, and Washington University in St. Louis in the fourteen spot. Brown University and Cornell University, two Ivy League colleges, tied for fifteenth. Yikes? Rice University and Vanderbilt placed seventeenth, while Emory placed twentieth. Georgetown University and the University of California Berkeley placed twenty-first, while Carnegie Mellon University placed twenty-third. Rounding out the top twenty-five are the University of Southern California and the University of Virginia in the twenty-fourth slot. So Harvard and Princeton claim the top spot and six Ivy League universities rank in the top ten, with two others (Brown and Cornell) rounding out the top fifteen. What do you think about this years rankings? Do you notice any schools on the rise or on the decline? Let us know your thoughts on the US News national university rankings by posting below! And, while youre here, check out our Ivy League Admissions Statistics.
Saturday, May 16, 2020
March on Washington Causes and Consequences Essay
March On Washington ââ¬â Causes and consequences essay Final The march on Washington in August 1963 is seen by many as the high point of the Civil Rights movement in America. This essay will look at how dissatisfaction with the slow pace of integration growing concern at the economic disparity between black and white Americans, the campaign in Birmingham under Martin Luther King juniors leadership, and the desire to support the proposed civil rights bill that Kennedy was introducing were the main causes of the March taking place. It will also discuss the consequences of the impact of Martin Luther King Jrââ¬â¢s speech, white backlash, the passing of the 1964 civil rights bill in recognition of the need to push for writing rights One ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Kennedy said America faced a ââ¬Å"moral crisisâ⬠and that it was ââ¬Å"time to act in congress.â⬠The events in Birmingham had forced Kennedy to act and he proposed to send new Civil Rights legislations to congress. Kennedy and his supporters would face great opposition from many of the White politicians who would use delaying tactics to defeat the Bill. To keep pressure on the administration to pass the bill, the Black leaders planned the March on Washington. This would also draw attention to the high level of Black Unemployment. Consequences Martin Luther Kings speech at the March on Washington was one of the greatest speeches of all time. ââ¬ËI Have a Dreamââ¬â¢ is in every Americans heart as the speech that changed history. The speech was one of the most cleverly constructed speeches with its powerful imagery. ââ¬ËI Have a Dreamââ¬â¢ also had a very strong Christian message; it did so because most of the African- American community was Christian. The speech was very calm and non-violent which meant it also followed the theme of non-violence, which carried through everything the African- Americans did. The speech was aimed at all people in America but was seen throughout the world as well. This speech and the March helped persuade the White senates and congressman to pass the 1964 Civil Rights Bill. One of the most immediate consequences of the March on Washington was theShow MoreRelatedGroup Bonuses Are The Most Effective For The Organization1544 Words à |à 7 Pagesemployees to focus on tasks by rewarding employees for fulfilling a myriad of key businesses and human resource objectives. Accordingly, this essay examines options available for distributing the bonus including group and individual bonuses whilst critically appraising both the benefits and ill effects of individual and group performance bonuses. This essay will suggest that group bonuses are the most effective for the organisation. First, both individual and group bonuses stimulate greater outputRead MoreEconomic Recession1290 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe after effects? Can we predict another major recession? Thesis Statement: Although the recession that dates back in 2007 is still long and deep and surely has shown some recovery, the potential that it will completely recover is still vague. I. Causes of the 2007 recession A. Inflation B. Housing Prices C. Oil Prices - Recovery measures A. Cutting Production cost i. Caused unemployment B. Increase Interest rates by the Federal reserves i. Reduced Housing prices C. Reduced pricesRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.: An American Hero1193 Words à |à 5 Pagesand ennobles the man who wields it. It is a sword that heals.â⬠King wisely understood that nonviolence would have a stronger long-term impact on society, than any violent protest. He believed any bloodshed, White or Black, would only belittle the cause. For this reason, he chose to move the nation not with guns and swords, but with words. King was first nationally recognized when he led the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a protest against the public transit systemRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words à |à 7 PagesAP Exam Essays 2001-2010 2010 AP Exam Essays 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? 2. Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775ââ¬â1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the comingRead MoreRussia s Annexation Of The Crimean Region Of Ukraine1604 Words à |à 7 Pagescontributed to worsening economic conditions in Russia (Nelson, 2015). This essay will look at the financial and energy sanctions, along with the counter-sanctions imposed by Russia, along with the bilateral effects on trade. Daoudi and Dajani (1983) define sanctions to be unilateral or ââ¬Ëcollective action against a state considered to be violating international lawââ¬â¢ and are designed to ââ¬Ëcompel the state to conformââ¬â¢. Firstly, the essay will look at the effects of the US sanctions on the financial sectorRead MoreThe Kennedy Years and Camelot Essay1099 Words à |à 5 PagesThere were two essay questions which I found equally interesting. Question one about President Rooseveltââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"New Dealâ⬠. As a business student, the change in the economy after the depression led by President Rooseveltââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"New Dealâ⬠shaped the economic growth in the country. The tenth question regarding President John F. Kennedyââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Camelotâ⬠was also fascinating. His inaugural address is one of the most memorable, ââ¬Å"Ask not what your country can do for youââ¬âask what you can do for your countryâ⬠.Read MoreThe Development of the Cold War in Europe after 1945 Essays1503 Words à |à 7 PagesRussia and Western European Capitalist states had no common interests despite the wartime alliance, which was no longer valid. There was growing hostility between the United States and Soviet Russia that developed in to a Cold War. This essay will suggest that the development of the Cold War in Europe was a result of differences in political ideologies and a lack of compromise and agreement. It will discuss the ideals of Western Europe and that of Soviet Russia; the UnitedRead MoreLJones Perceptions And Causes Ofpsycho Pathology1634 Words à |à 7 Pagesï » ¿ Perceptions and Causes of Psycho-Pathology Linda Jones Dr. Harold Beaman PSYCH/650-Psychopathology March 2, 2015 Introduction In principle, psychopathology is the scientific study of mental disorders and their origin; in addition, this field of study examines the causes, development, and possible treatment for the disorders. Essentially, psychopathology encompasses three aspects that are considered as directlyRead MoreBenjamin Franklin, the Father of Foreign Diplomacy Essay1467 Words à |à 6 PagesSome people will argue that the true birth of United States of America started with George Washington leading the Continental Army against Great Britains royal army in pursuit of freedom from foreign dictatorship; seizing the opportunity to create and control their own government in the manner in which they sought fit. One of the major forces in this battle for freedom was the diplomatic travels of Benjamin Franklin. His travels to England and France set the foundation for the dealings in foreignRead MoreNeoliberalism Essay1723 Words à |à 7 Pagesothers hold neo-liberalism responsible for the global economi c problems we are experiencing today. It is clear to many that the policies arising from this ideology have caused the poor to grow poorer and the rich to grow richer. Accordingly, this essay will argue that Neo-Liberalism greatly contributed greatly to todayââ¬â¢s global economic problems and will shed light on the overriding reasons why a neo-liberalism is not ideal to foster a sustainable and healthy economic environment for all as the ideology
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Texas General Land Office - 835 Words
The Texas General Land Office or TGLO, has many responsibilities throughout the state of Texas. Their main responsibility is to earn funds for the Permanent School Fund. The main way that they raise money for this goal is by leasing out the land that has been set aside for this purpose. The Texas General Land Office has around 700,000 acres for this purpose. This land is usually leased for the production of oil and gas, development of commercial property, agriculture and renewable energy projects. This fund was created to raise money for Texas schools and was created when Texas became a country in 1836. The organizations other responsibilities include the preservation of the stateââ¬â¢s history, the conservation of state resources, surveying the land within the state, providing veterans with land and housing, maintaining the Alamo and veteran cemeteries in the state. They also educate the public about environmental problems on the coast and how to prevent them. They also monitor the coast for any oil spills and are there to help clean them up when they do happen. The TGLO achieves this goal by being split into five different divisions. These are the history and archives division, the energy and minerals division, the state lands division, the caring for the coast division, and the veterans land board division. The history and archives division is responsible for maintaining the records and maps of the state throughout its history. They also maintain all the different landShow MoreRelatedThe First Constitution of the Republic of Texas (1836)902 Words à |à 4 PagesThe first cons titution of Texas adopted on March 1, 1836 opens with these words, ââ¬Å"We, the people of Texas, in order to form a Government, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense and general welfare; and to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves, and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitutionâ⬠. (ââ¬Å"Constitution of Republic of Texasâ⬠pp. 9-25.) Created in 1836, the first Constitution of the Republic of Texas was born. Fearful of attack byRead MoreThe Governor s Military And Police Powers980 Words à |à 4 Pagesto assume the command of the Texas Rangers. Thus, these are the governorââ¬â¢s military and police powers and the functions that they are allowed to assume in office. 2. Describe the functions of o the State Board of Education. o the Texas Education Agency. 2. The functions of the State Board of Education is to set policy for public education. The Texas Education Agency is in charge of enforcing rules and regulations affecting pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade in Texas. Together these two agenciesRead MoreU.s. Constitution And The Texas Constitution Essay1109 Words à |à 5 Pagesour nation. This constitution is the oldest written national document and has had 27 amendments. The current Texas constitution is the seventh document written for Texas. The previous six were all when Texas was still apart of Mexico. The current constitution hasnââ¬â¢t been revised since 1876, which makes it the longest state constitution in the United States. The U.S. constitution and the Texas constitution have similarities and differences. Both constitutions have a Bill of Rights. The Bill of RightsRead MoreThe Current Governor Of Texas946 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe offices in that branch of government are elected directly by Texas voters. The Executive Department of the State is composed of the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the Comptroller of Public Accounts, the Commissioner of the General Land Office, the Attorney General and the Secretary of State, all of whom are elected except the Secretary of State (who is appointed by the Governor). The current governor of Texas (48th) is Republican Greg Abbott, a former lawyer and former Attorney General. InRead MoreThe State Of The Texas Government1280 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Texas Government is composed of three branches, the executive, legislative, and judicial branch, similar to the federal government. Each branch has its own duties and ways to check the other branches as to ensure no one has too much, or all, the power. The executive branch contains the governor, lieutenant governor, the secretary of state, attorney general, and several other commissioners and executives. The legislative branch contains the Texas House of Representative and the Texas Senate.Read MoreNo Man Should Have All That Power948 Words à |à 4 Pagesleaders, states like Texas have brought it into their owns hands to even further prevent power from effecting their stateââ¬â¢s politicians. By developing the plural executive, state governments have been able to lessen the threat that power has on leaders of the executive branch. The plural executive, though itââ¬â¢s several offices, numerous duties and definite distinctions from the executive branch of the government under the U.S. constitution proves to provide a political safeguard for Texas government andRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry1285 Words à |à 6 PagesHouston, which is the fourth most populous city in the nation and t he largest in the southern U.S. and Texas, has been developing strong economy, especially in oil and gas industry. During the last decades of the twentieth century, Houston focused on developing energy industryââ¬âwhich comprises oil and gas exploration and production, oilfield equipment manufacturing and wholesaling, and pipeline transportation. However, some economists doubt that depending on oil and gas too much could make HoustonRead MoreThe Political Life Of James Stephen Hogg906 Words à |à 4 PagesPolitical Life of James Stephen Hogg James Stephen Hogg, or Jim Hogg, was an ambitious Democrat who held many roles in Texas politics throughout his lifetime. He always had an interest in politics, because of his family background. His father Joseph Lewis Hogg was a representative for his district in the Eighth Texas Congress. Joseph also served as a state senator for the first Texas Legislature in 1846. James and his siblings were orphaned after the death of both parents. His first job was workingRead MoreManifest Destiny By James K. Polk866 Words à |à 4 PagesJames K. Polk, who had been elected into office in 1844. Polk won the election by showing his support of the re-occupation of Oregon and the re-annexation of Texas. In doing so he was able to appeal to both the southern and northern expansionists. Polk spearheaded the tasks soon after entering office. Manifest Destiny is what urged The States to expand their territory, forming the country we have today. Many United States citizens had migrated into Texas, which was under the control of Mexico. ManyRead MoreFunding, Interest Groups, Elections, and the Role Between State and Local Governments in Texas1391 Words à |à 6 PagesRunning Head: TEXAS GOVERNMENT Funding, Interest Groups, Elections, and the Role Between State and Local Governments in Texas Maurice Adams Mr. George Lyon POL215 University of Phoenix Funding, Interest Groups, Elections, and the Role Between State and Local Governments in Texas The state of Texas receives the majority of funding from two sources; taxes and federal receipts. ââ¬Å"Currently, Texas is one of nine states that does not levy a personal income tax on its residents and, in addition
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Determination free essay sample
(This is the essay I wrote in 2006 that got me into Hampshire College.) I was sitting in first block pre-calculus class last year expecting my teacher to start with the notes as soon as the bell rang, like he usually does. Instead, he pulled out a Rubikââ¬â¢s cube. He claimed he could solve it, but the class was reluctant to believe him. Only geniuses could solve the Rubikââ¬â¢s cube, right? But my teacher went on to solve the complicated toy before my very eyes, leaving me completely awestruck. The shock slowly wore off, and I became a little jealous. I decided I needed to learn how to solve the Rubikââ¬â¢s cube myself. I purchased the cube at a local toy store, brought it home, and, full of anticipation, began to play around with it. Unfortunately, I soon became quite frustrated. How had my teacher solved it so fast in front of our class? I took a break from the puzzle for a week or so, until one day when I became set on figuring it out. I thought of all the hours I practiced. I remembered every stroke correctly done. I was prepared. This meet was mine. As warm-up concluded, my coach pulled me aside. Apparently, the worry lines etching themselves in my forehead gave away my nervousness. ââ¬Å"Get in the warm-down pool. Donââ¬â¢t leave until I send someone over. Donââ¬â¢t think, just do it, and do it well. I believe in you,â⬠he barked at me before turning to his next victim. After regurgitating my breakfast it into the nearest trashcan, I listened. When my teammate pulled me unceremoniously from the water, I followed her behind the lanes. This was my time to shine. To tell the truth, I donââ¬â¢t remember much of this race. The pain, however, seems to be an exception. Somewhere in the race every single fiber of my being screamed. The 200 fly is a race few attempt, and here I was doing my best to slaughter it. As my arms shot over water, I felt like the female version of Michael Phelps. At every wall I felt like I felt like i was jumping as high as an NBA player, and jumps like that hurt. Then there was the finish. As I slammed my hands into the wall, my shoulders had enough feeling left to shoot pain up into my skull. As I gasped for air, I heard noise. I couldnââ¬â¢t say what it meant, I couldnââ¬â¢t see, I couldnââ¬â¢t breathe. For the second time that day I was yanked out of the water. Unsure of what was happening, I looked for a friend in the surrounding mass. ââ¬Å"You did it! You made the cut!â⬠someone yelled. Walking away from that event, every ounce of pain was rewarded with a pound of joy. Not only had I achieved my goal that was two years in the making, but I had proven to myself that with enough determination I can do anything. I have never felt as happy or as proud of myself as I did that day.
Thursday, April 16, 2020
Mary Whiton Calkins Essays - American Psychologists,
Mary Whiton Calkins INTRODUCTION Mary Whiton Calkins, is best known for two things: becoming the first woman president of The American Psychological Association and being denied her doctorate from Harvard. However, these two aspects only make up a small portion of what she accomplished in her life. Her entire life was dedicated to her work, especially the development of her Psychology of selves. She founded an early psychology laboratory and invented the paired-associate technique. She passionately dove into the new field of Psychology but also was highly active in the field of Philosophy. She was not deterred by being a woman and used her struggles to gain a voice to speak out against women's oppression. (5) EARLY LIFE Mary Whiton Calkins was born on March 30, 1863 in Buffalo, New York. Her father was Wolcott Calkins and a Presbyterian minister. She was from a close knit family, especially to her mother, and the eldest of five children. In 1880, when she was seventeen, she moved to Newton, Massachusetts where her family built a home that she lived in the rest of her life. Her father, knowing the education that women received, decided to design and supervise Mary's education. This enabled her to enter Smith College in 1882 with advanced standing as a sophomore. However, in 1893, an experience that permanently influenced her thinking and character, was the death of her sister, Maude. The following academic year she stayed home and took private lessons. She reentered Smith College in the fall of 1884 as a senior and graduated with a concentration in classics and philosophy (7). In 1886 her family went to Europe for sixteen months. This is where she broadened her knowledge of the classics. Upon returning to Massachusetts her father arranged an interview for Mary with the President of Wellesley College, a liberal arts college for women that was a few miles from their home. She was offered a position there as a tutor in Greek and began teaching in the fall of 1887. Mary remained in the Greek Department for three years. However, a professor in the Department of Philosophy noticed her talent of teaching. He discussed with Mary the position needed to teach the new field of Psychology, which was still a sub-discipline of Philosophy. Due to the scarcity of women in that area, it made it realistic to see her potential and offer her the position. EDUCATIONAL SETBACKS The only requirement that the professor had, was that Calkins study for one year in a Psychology program. However, she faced two problems meeting this condition. The first, being that there were few psychology departments in 1890. Secondly, getting admitted to these places that did offer the program was highly unlikely since she was a woman. Her first consideration was to study abroad. An instructor at Smith told her that her best chance was to try obtaining private instruction in psychology and philosophy at any of the German universities outside of Zurich (6). However, another instructor told her that would be a good idea if ladies had been allowed the same privileges as men (6). Calkins formally dismissed going to Germany when she received a letter from a woman student attending the University of Gottingen which stated, I wish I might encourage you; but past experience has proved to me the utter uselessness of trying to enlighten the authorities, at least, in our generation. Once Calkins started looking at the United States, she discovered that the University of Michigan, where she would be studying under John Dewey, and Yale, where she would be studying under G.T. Ladd, were promising. However, she received a letter from another woman student that dissuaded her. The letter stated, Personally, I should be immensely glad if you would come. We might be able to get some delightful work together...By the way Prof. Ladd thinks you ought to have some lady with you at the lectures. If there were only one or two other girls who would come to join us, we could get a tremendous amount...(4). She decided against both universities, most likely because they were further away from home that she would like and they did not have a psychological laboratory. However, one of the few universities that did have a
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